Free Othello Essay: The Disintegration of Othello -- Othello essays

The Disintegration of Othello Shakespeare's Othello is a play with unique characters. One such character is the one for which Shakespeare names his play. In the play, Othello disintegrates from a confident leader to a homicidal murderer. Linguistic changes throughout the play attest to this theory. In the opening scenes, Shakespeare portrays Othello as a noble character. When Brabantio seeks vengeance (for "stealing" his daughter) on Othello, Othello expresses his actions will "tongue out his [Brabantio's] complaints" (1.2.21). Thus he shows his calmness against the verbal slander of Brabantio. Throughout this scene, Othello remains calm and confident. Moreover, he humbly tells the story of his relationship with Desdemona. He does not flaunt the situation over Brabantio but speaks modestly. In the next act, Othello maintains his calm demeanor. He speaks poetically of seeing his "fair warrior" Desdemona (2.1.210). Later in the scene, Cassio fails at his military duties. Even though this deeply hurts Othello, he keeps his calm. He lovin...

Principles of Banking and Finance Essay

What does Sub-Prime Crisis means? Sub Prime lending which is also known as near-prime, non-prime and second chance lending, means lending to people who might have trouble repaying the loan due to income ability or credit ratings which previously would not have been available to them. Credit ratings that might be not favorable to them with the standards set up initially by Financial Institutions slowly dwindle to less strict under-writing of loans. which could also due to an influx of foreign capital making lending easier to these group of people, the investment banks that sold the repackage mortgages to the consumers which is one of the way to fund for capital, and the Housing Urban Development of America policy to ensure that its citizens has access to mortgage loans easily. The cheaper interest rate packaged by the Financial Institutions which seems more affordable for the consumer for the first 1 to 5 years and the thereafter interest rate would have jumped significantly. The loan s here generally referred to mortgage loans. The Crisis started or snowball into what it was in 2007 in my opinion was due to greed. Greed into thinking that the property boom would continue in perpetuity so that the borrowers could cash out more from their current property market valuation, with this cash out in terms of personal loan they could fund or finance their lifestyle be it buying a new property for investment purposes, to flip or for rental. For the luxury in life they choose to enjoy now, spending future money. As the economy slowed, jobs are being taken away from corporation in America to other countries which have a cheaper source of overhead expenses and manpower. People are being retrenched thus causing them to start defaulting on their loan repayments. A statistic done has shown that the American households do not have any savings but was laden with debt instead. The housing bubble burst, the market does not have that much capital as it used to have to continue to push property prices up anymore, thus causing the market to slow overall, foreclosures of their properties was happening. Consumers was also unable to obtain a refinancing which they had planned previously to lower their interest rate again when it went up, as financial institutions feel the pinched and controlled its lending. How did the Financial Institutions played a part in this? In the past banks have financed their mortgage lending activities through the deposits they receive from their customers. This has confined the amount of mortgage lending they could do. In recent years, banks have designed a new model where they repackage these mortgages to be sold to the bond markets. This has made it a lot easier to fund additional borrowing from the investors and interest rate was low. But it has also led to abuses as banks no longer have the incentive to check carefully the mortgages they issue to the lenders. The failure to check and curb lending in return for the possibility of profit was one of the causes. The first sign of the sub-prime crisis was as early as 2007 when HSBC Finance which is part of the banks north American subsidiary has to write off 880 million in sub-prime lending. The business has become unsustainable as borrowers started to default. The new model which we have come to know is known either as Mortgaged backed Assets or Collateral Debts Obl igations. The repackage mortgages are being sold to the bond markets, before they can be sold, credit rating agency will determine and give the model a rating. A credit rating for an issuer takes into consideration the issuer’s credit worthiness example its ability to pay back a loan, and affects the interest rate applied to the particular security being issued. These MBS or CDOs as it has come to know are usually marketed to countries which has a surplus in its balance sheet as it was generally known that Asians believe in savings rather than spending future money thus the products were usually marketed in Asia, It is allege that the rating agencies experienced from conflicts of interest, as they were paid by investment banks and other firms that organize and sell these structured securities to investors. If there are not to give favorable ratings to these products they risk the underwriter of these securities to another rating agency. It would be hard to sell these products if they are not being given a rating to begin with. Once they are sold the banks have in a way diverted part of the risk to the consumers. Investors should not rely too heavily on these ratings agencies opinions but instead carry out their own homework in the safeness of debt level as well as others related securities. Probably the opinions of the agencies enable them to get a conclusion, however based on past decade of event, it can only be consider as off base when it comes to the risk of credit event. Investors should try to put themselves in the shoes of the product pushers, asking themselves very important points like, why do you need to sell these products? Do you own any of these products yourself? If it is as good as you mention have the private investors bought and participated a substantial amount of their savings in it? Perhaps there need to be some form of intermediaries whereby no conflict of interest will affect their opinion and report of these products. A case study in Singapore itself which has made headlines during this crisis was the minibond saga which was being sold in Singapore by a couple of Financial Institutions. The originator of this series of structured products was the now defunct Lehman Brothers. The Minibond was being illustrated to the local consumer as a bond which is not the case it is actually a Collateral Debts Obligations. The relationship managers in banks are eager to sell the product because of the high commission and the consumer who are eager to buy because the returns are much higher than the fixed deposit being offered by the banks. An estimated of 500 million Singapore dollars was purchased for the Minibonds by consumers. It stirred a series of conflicts with the Financial Institutions that sold these products, the consumers cried fouled into being mis-sold of it, some of the consumers managed to get back part of their investment and vowed not to touch these structured products ever again. We can take a look back into the 1990s where one of the policy set up and enforce by the Housing and Urban Development of America, was one of the cause of the sub prime crisis. With the support of the government, HUD has less mortgage restriction requirements on its borrowers. The mandate was that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac which was regulated by HUD, was to generate up to 8 million more homeowners in America. It was known as the â€Å"National Homeownership Strategy†. No down payment was required, 100% financing for the property was the norm. This was partly possible due to the influx of cheap money in the market, wit h this cheap money consumers speculated with the market, they kept buying new homes thus the good years of where the appreciation of the property keep going up. Financial Institutions dare to lend due to the market confidence that it can only keep going up, borrowers confidence that the market too can only keep going up. A check with HUD official website, apparently the US government is still supporting home ownership program without first addressing a stable income issue. Only with a stable income can a person make regular commitment to his or her housing loan commitment. Kudos to the Singapore government for taking appropriate actions during the last few years when their economy was recovering, the measures taken to prevent over speculation of the property market in Singapore. Homebuyers with the extra cash were snapping up properties, either for owner’s occupation or for investment purposes. The government either learned from the Sub-prime crisis or foreseen that if it continues the way it is going, a market crash might be imminent or the crash will be too fast and hard, no soft landing for the consumers. As they knew that property market have its up and down. Steps was taken, it used to be 90/10. Whereby the buyer have to come up with 10% cash and the remaining 90% can be financed through a financial institutions regardless of the number of property they currently owned. It was changed to 80/20 rule, 20% of which is the owner’s own cash an 80% through financing. Surprisingly it did not deter the consumers, the market still kept soaring. The next rule implemented was the 80/20 rule for first time buyers, meaning buyers without any current mortgage loan, for buyers with an existing mortgage which was not yet paid up; they are only eligible for 60/40. 60% financing for their new property and an increased in the stamp duty to be paid for to the government if it was their 3rd property for Singaporean. The hardest hit was the foreigners who are seeking to invest their money in Singapore properties as they have to pay additional 10% stamp duty which is likely to deter most of them. P rices still kept going up, the latest ruling was much more complex than the previous few. If one is looking at 80% financing one can only borrow up to the age of 65 years old and tenure of not more than 30 years. Which was not the case previously, in previous scenario it was dependent on different Banks guideline in Singapore, they could lend up to the age of 70, 75 or 80. They stepped in and put a cap at 65 as they believe that is the retirement age. If you want to extend your loan tenure your financing amount will drop to either 60% or 40%. I believe the government did this as they knew that the US is going ahead with Quantitative Easing 3, they want to prevent too much hot money from landing in Singapore shore. To sum up, we learned from our mistakes and grow not to make the same mistake twice. A healthy economy is based on real economic goods with value. Hopefully US can still continue to create innovative products like Apple and keep their manufacturing production in US soil, get employment rate up. The citizens have to maintain their expectations in terms of salary wise and spend within their means. Tighten up their way of lending and controlling Banks to a certain extent, a culture that is profit driven but with ethnics. Can heed the investment guru jim roger’s advice to focus on farming as there will be a food shortage in time to come. Induce good saving habits in everyone to save up for a rainy day. http://www.ethicalquote.com/docs/SubprimeMortgageCrisis.pdf http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7073131.stm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_policies_and_the_subprime_mortgage_crisis http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/09/AR2008060902626.html http://www.thetruthaboutmortgage.com/mortgages-with-no-money-down/ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/2816291/HSBC-hit-by-sub-prime-crisis.html

The Bystander Revolution How Social Media Shapes And...

The Bystander Revolution: How Social Media Shapes and Reduces the Bystander Effect The purpose of this paper is to examine how social media affects and can affect the bystander effect, which is the idea that individuals will not offer help to victims when other people are present under the assumption that another person will help the victim. After examining the classic example of the bystander effect, examples of social media preventing or lessening the effect will be explored. These examples will highlight the role social media can play in diminishing the bystander effect and attempt to explain why it can help. The bystander effect was first observed by the media and social psychologists in 1964 through the case of Kitty Genovese, a 28-year old woman. On her way home from work, Genovese was stabbed multiple times over the course of 30 minutes. The murderer was able to leave the scene multiple times and come back to stab Genovese more. While this was happening, 38 people observed this from their window. Despite the number of people who viewed the incident, n o one reported this incident was happening to the authorities. While this was written off as an effect from living in a large city by the media, psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latanà © realized something else was occurring: the bystanders all realized that other people were watching and assumed that another person would report the incident. This caused social inhibition amongst all of the viewers which inShow MoreRelatedThe United State s Foreign Policy2078 Words   |  9 Pagesfuture of foreign policy for the United States it is necessary to understand the goals of foreign policy and why it is important to everyday life. 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Mark Glaser, in his article, explains the main idea of the citizen journalism.The idea behindRead MoreThe Rise of Social Media and Its Impact on Mainstream Journalism21031 Words   |  85 PagesWORKING PAPER e rise of social media and its impact on mainstream journalism: A study of how newspapers and broadcasters in the UK and US are responding to a wave of participatory social media, and a historic shi in control towards individual consumers. Nic Newman September 2009 Contents Executive summary and key conclusions 1. Framing the debate 2. Mainstream media motivations, doubts and dilemmas 2.1 Definitions and motivations 2.2 BBC 2.3 Guardian and Telegraph 2.4 New York TimesRead MoreDistinctively Visual Learning and Teaching Program8860 Words   |  36 PagesngTitle: Distinctively Visual | Concept: How are images we see and visualise in texts created? | Language Modes: speaking, reading, writing, listening, viewing, ICT | Outcomes: | | | 1. A student demonstrates understanding of how relationships between composer, responder, text and context shape meaning. 2. A student demonstrates understanding of the relationships among texts. 5. A student analyses the effect of technology and medium on meaning. 6. A student engages with the detailsRead MoreIt Management Essay6676 Words   |  27 Pagesstrategy) and the information systems (i.e. do we have the capability to process inquires taken off of the web). Strategy is defined and the mission of the organization is covered (with several example mission statements (figure 1.2) and discussion of how Dell has creatively adjusted its business strategy to meet the rapidly changing computer industry. There are several ways to describe business strategy. This chapter summarizes 2 well-accepted models: the Porter generic strategies framework andRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 PagesComplete Listing of Chapter Opening Cases, Insight Cases, E-commerce in Action Cases, and Case Studies CHAPTER 1 THE REVOLUTION IS JUST BEGINNING Opening Case: Pinterest: A Picture Is Worth a Thousand Words Insight on Technology: Will Apps Make the Web Irrelevant? Insight on Business: Start-Up Boot Camp Insight on Society: Facebook and the Age of Privacy Case Study: The Pirate Bay: Searching for a Safe Haven CHAPTER 2 E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS AND CONCEPTS Opening Case: Twitter’s BusinessRead MoreManagement Challenges for the 21st Century.Pdf60639 Words   |  243 Pagesthey are at odds and incompatible with what is accepted and successful today. We live in a period of PROFOUND TRANSITION—and the changes are more radical perhaps than even those that ushered in the â€Å"Second Industrial v vi Introduction Revolution† of the middle of the 19th century, or the structural changes triggered by the Great Depression and the Second World War. READING this book will upset and disturb a good many people, as WRITING it disturbed me. For in many cases—for example, inRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesExperimental Design 51 2.5 More on Observational Studies: Designing Surveys (Optional) 56 2.6 Interpreting and Communicating the Results of Statistical Analyses 61 Activity 2.1 Designing a Sampling Plan 63 Activity 2.2 An Experiment to Test for the Stroop Effect 64 Activity 2.3 McDonald’s and the Next 100 Billion Burgers 64 Activity 2.4 Video Games and Pain Management 65 Graphing Calculator Explorations 69 3 Graphical Methods for Describing Data 75 3.1 Displaying Categorical Data: Comparative BarRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesWILEY SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed andRead MoreToyota Supply Chain78751 Words   |  316 PagesProduction Scheduling and Operations Chapter 6. Parts Ordering Chapter 7. Managing Suppliers Chapter 8. Logistics Chapter 9. Dealer and Demand Fulfillment Chapter 10. Crisis Management Chapter 11. The Toyota Way of Managing Supply Chains Chapter 12. How to Apply Toyota Way Principles to Nonautomotive Supply Chains Chapter 13. The Beer Game and the Toyota Supply Chain Chapter 14. Reflections of Supply Chain Participants Chapter 15. Reflections vii ix xi 1 5 25 37 55 73 85 103 121 133 147 173 185

Students With High Functioning Autism And Asperger s...

The process of students learning chemistry in incredibly well investigated, from how they learn and perform in the laboratory, to how they teach general chemistry as a whole, but there is something missing. There is no current research investigating how students with high-functioning autism and Asperger s syndrome learn chemistry. This is relevant due to the significant increase in students with HFA/AS that are enrolling and attending college9. A more in-depth understanding of how these students learn chemistry will benefit professors who have students with these disabilities. Autism is classified as a complex disorder which is characterized by difficulties in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communications, as well as being associated with intellectual disabilities10. Previously, there were many subtypes of autism, ranging from childhood disintegrative disorder to pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, but is now lumped under the umbrella term of Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD. This paper will primarily focus on two portions of the autism spectrum, high functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger’s syndrome, and their relation to learning general chemistry. There are distinct differences between HFA/Asperger s syndrome and classical autism. One of the key differences is that those with HFA/AS have IQs that fall within the normal to superior range, whereas those with classical autism belong to the IQ range of below average to average5. Those with

Childhood - 1804 Words

At its fundamental level, adulthood is simply the end of childhood, and the two stages are, by all accounts, drastically different. In the major works of poetry by William Blake and William Wordsworth, the dynamic between these two phases of life is analyzed and articulated. In both Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience and many of Wordsworth’s works, childhood is portrayed as a superior state of mental capacity and freedom. The two poets echo one another in asserting that the individual’s progression into adulthood diminishes this childhood voice. In essence, both poets demonstrate an adoration for the vision possessed by a child, and an aversion to the mental state of adulthood. Although both Blake and Wordsworth show childhood as†¦show more content†¦The speaker, in the final stanza, is visibly confused and frustrated by the girl’s insistence that life continues after death. The pace in the final stanza slows, as if to give voice to the speaker’s confusion – a sign that his adult view of the world is not entirely steadfast, and that the child’s view of the world has caused him to in fact question his own. (Lines 65-69) What can be seen here is that the relationship between childhood and adulthood in the poetry of Wordsworth is not as clear-cut and deifined as in Blake’s work. Wordsworth’s depicts childhood as an innocent mindset and an ability to view the world simply. Blake’s childhood, on the other hand, is a stage of life that is untouched by the natural forces of experience in the every day world. In both Blake and Wordsworth’s work, the opposition between childhood and adulthood is developed. In Blake, childhood is completely and distinctly eliminated by the force of experience. Blake portrays these two states of childhood and adulthood, innocence and experience, as the two epochs of human existence. In fact, in the subtitle to Songgs of Innocence and of Experie nce, Blake calls these â€Å"the two contrary states of the human soul†. (Subtitle?) This opposing relationship is developed further in many of his poems. Adulthood’s triumph is personified in The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of Experience. In this poem, a young baby states that â€Å"They clothed me in the clothes of death, / And taught me to sing theShow MoreRelatedChildhood Development : Middle Childhood1269 Words   |  6 PagesMiddle Childhood Development The middle childhood is to leave the play years to start maturing years to start adolescence (Berk, 2010). During the middle childhood, children began to have a lot physical changes. As well as, they begin to discover there identify that they are. For example, secondary sexual organs begin to develop in the boys and girls, they will confuse about identify. The puberty is the cycle when children are out of control because they will transition to leave the children to enterRead MoreEarly Childhood : Childhood Development1494 Words   |  6 PagesEarly childhood development Early childhood is the the time period when a child opens his eyes in the world and it continues upto the age of 8 years old (Masten et al. â€Å"NAME OF ARTICLE†)This is really the time in which the brain of the child starts growing and basis for the subsequences of development. Early childhood period starts at home the very first stages of life. Parents have a great role in childhood development. Then the second factor or place which has great effects on childhood developmentRead MoreChildhood1618 Words   |  7 PagesEYMP1: Context and principles for early years provision 1.1. Explain the legal status and principles of the relevant early years framework/s, and how national and local guidance materials are used in settings. (Relevant early years framework: This refers to the frameworks for early years provision used within the relevant UK Home Nation.) The early years framework in England is the EYFS. The early year’s foundation stage consists of a statutory curriculum for children from birth to 5years. AllRead MoreChildhood Is A Complex Concept Of Childhood1826 Words   |  8 PagesChildhood is a complex concept that has never been clearly defined, nor has it stayed a stagnant concept across all times and cultures. The time period in which a child exists is different depending on the time you are looking at, as are the characteristics which are attributed to children. In the time periods that were studied in this class, which spanned from the early modern period of literature up until the late twentieth century, the idea of childhood and what represented it changed vastly.Read MoreChildhood Development : Early Childhood1782 Words   |  8 PagesEarly Childhood Development The human life is separated into multiple stages that reflect the different phases the mind and body go through. Early childhood is one of these stages and is perhaps the most important stage of all. During early childhood, the brain and body are growing, learning, developing, and adapting to the environment that they are placed in. These developments are fairly constant through human history and therefore, there have been many studies and observations done to betterRead MoreDiscourses in Childhood1544 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscourses of childhood and suggest the ways that they can have an impact on childrens lives. The concept of discourse is the key to understanding a social constructionist approach to childhood. A discourse is an independent set of interrelated ideas held by a particular ideology or worldview. The social constructionist approach tries to describe the different ways in which knowledge of children and childhoods are constructed. Different discourses of childhood have different ideas of childhood which hasRead MoreThe Immigration And A Childhood928 Words   |  4 Pagesone place and assimilate different aspects of their life in one sociology. The immigration and a childhood have similar characteristics. Like immigration, childhood is the process of continual development. In our childhood, we experience many different situations and add something new to our personal characteristics. Therefore, in her essay â€Å"Speaking in Tongues,† when Zadie Smith says, â€Å"My own childhood †¦ [is] the synthesis of disparate things, (1)† she means that she is a synthesis of her biologyRead MoreChildhood Is More Precious Than Childhood Essay2199 Words   |  9 Pagesprecious than childhood. It is a time full of innocence, love, light and freedom with little to no worries. Childhood has not always been described as this, full of hope and dreams and aspirations, the time to just have fun and not to worry about the future, or wealth. Before the 1800s, childhood was not a thing and children were just seen as miniature adults, with no value, other than to carry on families. It was not until after the 1800s were childhood become a national phenomenon. Childhood is set toRead MoreChildhood Education : Early Childhood Special Education Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pages Early Childhood Special education Name: Institution: Early Childhood Special education 1-The role of play in learning in early childhood Special Education Play is usually a natural activity in early childhood and has significant importance in early childhood special education. Play assists in enhancing the children social competence, creativity, language development, and their thinking skills. Play is usually the key vehicle for the developing of language, social skulls in youngRead MoreChildhood Trauma1607 Words   |  7 Pages   head:   CHILDHOOD   TRAUMA   AND   ITS   IMPACT       Childhood Trauma And Its Impact On The Brain          The nature versus nurture debate in human development is longstanding with many opposing viewpoints. However, numerous studies have confirmed that the maturation and development of the brain has a â€Å"reciprocal relationship with the environment† (Wilson, Hansen Li, 2001). With the brain developing at its fastest rate in childhood, it is especially

Abolition for Bilingual Education Free Essays

One half of United States children who are not proficient in English live in California, a state who’s future depends on these three million children becoming fluent in English. In 1968, the Bilingual Education Act was passed with the theory that if you academically instructed students in their native language first, learning English would be better and faster in the long run. Since the passage of bilingual education, there has been a continuing debate over whether or not the programs are benefiting children. We will write a custom essay sample on Abolition for Bilingual Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although there is not any research to support this conclusion, bilingual advocates believe that â€Å"bilingual students who first master Spanish and then make a transition to English, do at least as well academically in the long run as their English-only counterparts† (Netkin 1). Supporters feel that even if students are not gaining in English, the programs keep them from falling behind in content areas and also boost their self-esteem, which gives them the confidence to catch up later. The search for some proof that the five hundred million dollar industry works to help immigrant children learn English, in order to prosper in a California society, continues with little success. For decades throughout California, bilingual education has been commended as a miracle for schoolchildren who are not proficient in English, but the programs have been proven to be unsuccessful and should be abolished. Research indicates that bilingual programs are not helping children, but instead are bringing about high drop out rates and low test scores. There have been many struggles to educate children in bilingual programs. Teachers and instructional materials are hard to find, which makes instruction in academic subjects to the great number and mix of children difficult. Highly transient students and the inability to involve parents in their children’s education present a barrier to instruction. Bilingual programs require great amounts of money that California taxpayers should not have to provide because taxpayers should not be responsible for teaching immigrants the American language. Proposition 227 was passed in June of 1998 that was to eliminate bilingual education and place children with limited English proficiency into classes where English is the only language spoken. This new law will enable California schoolchildren to succeed in America and taxpayers will no longer have to provide for a program that â€Å"actually keeps children from learning English, the language of their future, and hinders success in American society† (McCain). â€Å"63% of research shows no difference between bilingual education and doing nothing† (Research Evidence of Bilingual Education 4). Each year, only five percent of the bilingual schoolchildren gain English proficiency. Scores on comprehensive tests reveal that students who move from bilingual classes to English-only classes are unable to perform. Latino children in bilingual classes â€Å"end up not speaking either Spanish or English well† (Netkin 2). They have the highest dropout rate, forty percent, of any ethnic group and have consistently scored the lowest on Scholastic Assessment Tests. Instructing children in their official language and not teaching them English is making the children unable to succeed in society. Since this is an American country, children should be placed in English speaking classrooms in order to learn the language of the dominant group. Educating children in bilingual programs is difficult. Schools cannot provide the proper bilingual instruction because teachers and materials are limited or unavailable. Students speak languages that are not historically represented in the United States so bilingual teachers and materials for the languages are nonexistent. Even in schools where all students speak Spanish, teachers are hard to find and have to be recruited from Spanish speaking countries. However, sometimes the immigrant teachers cannot be certified to teach because they lack a college degree or simply cannot pass the English portion of a state teacher certification test. The California Department of Education estimates that about twenty-two thousand bilingual teachers are needed for instruction and studies predict that filling the need may be impossible. Bilingual education cannot provide children with the instruction needed to prosper in California so the programs should be eliminated. Immigrant students are highly transient which makes continuous instruction difficult. New students arrive to schools on a monthly basis, contributing to overcrowded classrooms that make teaching complex. Existing students move frequently or are regularly absent for long periods of time, disrupting their learning. Often times, students with excessive absences from school cannot be promoted to the next grade level or graduate, which makes the children discouraged and leads to them dropping out of school. Transient actions effect a student’s ability to receive an education, contributing to the failure of bilingual programs. Parental involvement is important for student achievement, but extreme struggles arise when trying to involve parents in their children’s education. Many parents are illiterate in their native language as well as English, making communication impossible. Translators are used successfully, but for uncommon languages, very few translators are available. Parental self-help classes are provided to parents who have trouble communicating. The classes have taught parents how to help their children in school, but several problems with parent involvement remain. Without the five hundred million dollars a year that taxpayers provide to the federal government, bilingual education programs would not exist. Why should the taxpayer be responsible for immigrants learning the American language? Before entering this country immigrants know that English is the dominant language, therefore, they should be responsible for learning the language themselves. By not knowing English and being unable to communicate effectively, newcomers are only hurting themselves. Taxpayers should not be responsible for educating immigrants. Learning English should be the responsibility of the person seeking to speak the language. Proposition 227 was passed to eliminate bilingual education. Children with limited English proficiency are to be placed into English-only classes where their native language is never spoken. This practice is called English immersion, a non-taxpaying system that will push children toward the quickest path to success in America. Students will learn English better and faster by being around the language all-day and everyday. The quicker they learn the language the sooner the students will be able to join in with their peers and develop an education. Although Proposition 227 was passed in June of 1998 to eliminate bilingual education, the programs remain in schools. â€Å"In Redwood City, south of San Francisco, the school district reports that eighty percent of Spanish-speaking children are still enrolled in bilingual† (Michels). Many other schools have confessed to not eliminating bilingual classes. The schools feel that the children need to be transferred to English-only classes slowly in order to avoid student confusion. Bilingual supporters feel that the programs give children self-esteem and a better education. This is absurd. Separating children from others because they cannot speak English makes them feel insecure and different. If anything, the students loose self-esteem and pride, making learning difficult. Bilingual programs are a failure and schools should obey the law and abolish the instruction. â€Å"The students will gain whatever added self-esteem they need when they develop proficiency in English, the language in which their peers are learning, and the language that they will need to succeed in the United States† (Netkin 1) How to cite Abolition for Bilingual Education, Papers

Business Finance Auditing Risks

Question: Discuss about the Business Finance for Auditing Risks. Answer: Introduction: An inherent risk is the risk that the risk that has been posed by the error or an omission in the financial statements would lead to the failure of the controls (Ready ratios, 2016). In the financial audit, the inherent risk is likely to take place when the transactions are complex in nature or in the situation wherein the situations include a high degree of the judgement on the part of the company (Tech target, 2016). In order to illustrate, in the case of a financial institution that has just been formed, it has complex exposure to the derivative instruments which may be considered to be higher than the other companies in the same industry (Accounting simplified, 2016). The following are the various factors that affects the inherent risk in an audit: First is the business of the client. If the client is engaged in the business that is very much complex in nature, then that business is likely to be exposed to inherent risks in the audit. Second is the technological changes, if the client is in the business that is exposed to rapid changes in the technological and advancements, then it is likely that the company would be exposed to some of the inherent risks (Research gate, 2016). Third is the experience of an auditor in case he has read the audit report issued by the previous auditor. If the company has the same, then the auditor would know whether the inherent risk for the client under question is to be assessed at high or not. Fourth is the previous engagement, if the auditor has been rendering his audit services to the same client over the previous years as well, then he would actually know the areas where the audit risk is to be assessed at high and where not. Fifth is the previous experience of the auditor. This would include the ability of the auditor to exercise his judgement, exercise his degree of skills and knowledge and experience that he might have gained over the period of previous years (Semo, 2016). Sixth is the non-recurring activities. These are the activities that the company is not usually involved in. That is, there are many of the activities that are conducted during the normal course of the business and hence, the client may not know how to account for the same. This would increase the inherent risk in the audit for that client. And then the auditor will have to plan his audit accordingly (ISA handbook, 2016). Inherent risk at the account balance level: The second question is related with the inherent risk at the account balance level. There are many factors that affects the inherent risk at the account balance level. The major factor is the nature of the business of the client. If the business of the client is such that it faces stiff competition from its competitors, then it is more likely that the client will manipulate his earnings so as to show profitability of its business. This holds true in the case of One Tel too since the company is engaged in the business wherein there are competitors that give a stiff competition to the client. Hence, the audit risk is assessed to be high. The second factor is the entering into the non-routine transactions by the company. An entity usually enters into the activity of sale or purchase of goods or the services. But there are situations wherein the client does not know as to how to account for these events such as when a loss by fire takes place. In the case of One Tel too, though there is not much information given but any loss by fire would have been reported in the statement of profit or loss. So, since this cannot be found in that statement, it cannot be commented upon. Then there is a factor of rapid technological changes. If the business of the client is such that many rapid changes in the technology takes place, then it is likely that the entitys assessed inherent audit risk would be assessed as high. So, is the case with One Tel. An auditor usually has experience with dealing with the business of the client. If he has been the auditor of the same company for many year now, he will know the exact problems that the company would be facing. And in which all transactions should the audit risk be assessed as high. In the case given, information with regard to this is not available, so nothing can be said in this regard. Going concern assumption: The assumption of going concern is one of the accounting assumptions on which the financial statements are prepared. This is the accounting principle that requires the various companies to be accounted for and ensure that the business continues to function in the future. Since the downfall of one company impacts the employees, the society in which it operates, its very important for the companies not to fail. These are the companies that must remain in the business and do not go bankrupt. This is the most important concept in the financial accounting since there are many others that are based upon the assumption that the companies will continue to function in the future. If this principle is automatically assumed, then there would be no requirement for the company to establish the ability of the company to accrue the expenses and make the prepayments for an asset. If this assumption is assumed, then all the expenses would not be required to be incurred and wouldnt be accrued (ACCA gl obal, 2016). The companies are duty bound to inform their investors and the creditors about the possible issues that may be related with the going concern assumption. In order to illustrate, in case the company has been facing the financial difficulties from the burden of the excessive debt, then there are many of the cautions in the notes in the financial statements that are required to be stated.in case, the company is not able to pay off its debt or interest thereon, then it could go bankrupt. There are many of the potential investors that have the right to know in case the going concern is being threatened since that could mean the financial issues or problems for the company (Accounting course, 2016). The assumption of going concern is one of the most vital accounting principles. In the absence of the same, the company will not be able to make the prepayments or accrue any expenses. The going concern assumption is one of the most important measures since it determines the financial position and the performance of the company. It further classifies the assets in the statement of the financial position. Hence this is of an utmost value (Knowledegiate, 2016). In the given case too, now, though it is very tough to determine the going concern assumption of the company. So, further analysis is required for the company. Like calculating the liquidity ratios of the company which have been calculated as follows: Ratios 2000 1999 Current ratio: 1.67404 3.48881 Current assets 628.10 296.20 Current liabilities 375.20 84.90 Acid test ratio: 1.66045 3.45936 Current assets-inventory 623.00 293.70 Current liabilities 375.20 84.90 The above shows a decrease in the various ratios and this is one of the cause of concern for the company. References: AUDIT RISK MODEL. (2016).Www4.semo.edu. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www4.semo.edu/gjohnson/notes/audit_risk_model.htm Audit Risk Model | Inherent Risk, Control Risk Detection Risk. (2016).Accounting-simplified.com. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://accounting-simplified.com/audit/risk-assessment/audit-risk.html Going Concern Assumption. (2016).My Accounting Course. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.myaccountingcourse.com/accounting-dictionary/going-concern-assumption https://www.accaglobal.com, A. (2016).Going concern | ACCA Qualification | Students | ACCA Global.Accaglobal.com. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.accaglobal.com/gb/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f8/technical-articles/going-concern.html Inherent Residual Risk. (2016).Ishandbook.bsewall.com. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://ishandbook.bsewall.com/risk/Assess/Risk/inherent_risk.html Inherent risk. (2016).www.researchgate.net. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230001235_The_Importance_Of_Inherent_Risk_Factors_Auditors'_Perceptions Inherent Risk. (2016).Readyratios.com. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.readyratios.com/reference/audit/inherent_risk.html Team, K. (2014).Importance Of The Going Concern Assumption In Accounting - Business Finance and Accounting Blog.Business Finance and Accounting Blog. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://www.knowledgiate.com/importance-of-the-going-concern-assumption/ What is inherent risk? - Definition from WhatIs.com. (2016).SearchCompliance. Retrieved 28 September 2016, from https://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/inherent-risk.